A bit of botany . A short guide to species likely to be found on a country walk.
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Botany
Botany
Arbutus (Strawberry Tree)
Characteristics: a shrub or small evergreen tree with rounded dense foliage and a short trunk. Fleshy rough-surfaced red and yellow coloured edible fruit. Habitat: a typical Mediterranean plant, sometimes predominant. Uses and properties: the wood produces an excellent charcoal. The fruit was used for jam making and liqueurs. ...
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Butcher's Broom
Characteristics: a suffrutex formed from a strong rhizome with stems branching above an erect single stalk. The fruit is a smooth red berry. Habitat: common in chestnut woods, in ilex thickets and old pinewoods. Uses and properties: the stems are collected for display. The new spring shoots are edible. Anti-inflammatory, astringent, diuretic and sudorific properties. ...
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The Cyclamen
Characteristics: herbaceous plant with onion-shaped, rounded, non-corky tuber. Smooth, thin, irregularly-shaped triangular leaves; purplish-pink flowers. Habitat: thickets and ilex woods; more rarely in deciduous woods. Uses and properties: the rhizome and roots contain cyclamina,a toxic substance used in homeopathy to cure certain ailments. ...
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Cypress tree
Characteristics: an evergreen tree with scale-like leaves and false fruit cones that lignify when mature. Habitat: grows on dry soil up to 700m in altitude. Uses and properties: the pharmaceutical industry processes the leaves; the wood is highly resistant to atmospheric agents. Grown as an ornamental tree and for reforestation. ...
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Hawthorn
Characteristics: a spiny plant, very variable in shape. White heavily-perfumed flowers on hairy stalks; single seed oval fruits. Heavy compact wood. Habitat: common in woodland thickets and hedgerows. Uses and properties: sedative, vasodilator, hypotensive and antidiarrrhoeic. ...
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Holly
Characteristics: a shrub or small evergreen tree with shiny, leathery leaves undulating at the edges, prickly toothed in young plants, smooth –edged in older plants. the fruit is a red berry when mature. Habitat: in tall but not too steep ilex, chestnut and occasionally beech thickets. Uses and properties: considered to bring good luck. The wood is used for making small objects on a lathe. ...
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Holm-oak (ilex)
Characteristics: an evergreen tree or sometimes a shrub with shiny green leaves of varying shape depending on the degree of development. Habitat: a typical Mediterranean plant preferring acid soil where it may form widespread forests. Uses and properties: the hard wood is difficult to work but is valued for heating and charcoal-making. ...
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Juniper
Characteristics: an evergreen shrub with straight, needle-shaped sharp leaves. the mature fruit is a fleshy blue-black false berry. Habitat: grows in oak brushwood and thickets of shrubs. Uses and properties: the berries are used to flavour food and drinks. They have antiseptic, balsamic and diuretic effects. ...
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Myrtle
Characteristics: a shrub with aromatic leaves and fleshy blue-black fruit. Habitat: a typical Mediterranean brushwood plant. Uses and Properties: a herbalist’s essential oil is obtained from the leaves and branches. the Ancient Romans wore a myrtle crown before entering the Temple of Venus. ...
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Service Tree
Characteristics: a small tree with leaves composed of small leaflets with toothed margins. Pear-shaped orange coloured fruit that is sweet when ripe. Habitat: grows well in dry, rich or stony soil in a mild climate. Uses and properties: liquor is produced from the fermented fruit; its wood is used in carpentry work. ...
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